Dr Jenn Cumming

The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ; Williams & Cumming, 2011) is a 15-item questionnaire to assess five types of athlete imagery ability: skill imagery ability, strategy imagery ability, goal imagery ability, affect imagery ability, and mastery imagery ability.

It has good psychometric properties, internal reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, predictive validity, and is able to distinguish between groups of athletes.

The SIAQ is currently available in English, German, Persian, and Spanish and is being translated into Brazilian Portuguese, Japanese, Thai, and Turkish. We are also pleased to receive requests to translate the SIAQ into other languages.

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Manual

Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2014). The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire Manual. Birmingham, UK: Author. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1608.6565. Click here to download the manual.

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Book chapters referring to the SIAQ:

Munroe-Chandler, K. & Hall, C. (2016). Imagery.  In R. J. Schinke, K. R. McGannon, & B. Smith (Eds), Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 357-368).  Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Papers published that have used the SIAQ:

Aikawa, S., & Takai, H. (2021). Relationship Between Imagery Ability, Performance, and Variables Related to Performance. The Sport Psychologist, 35, 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2019-0165

Alcaraz-Ibanez, M., Manuel Aguilar-Parra, J., Alias Garcia, A., & Rodriguez Martinez, A. (2017). Spanish adaptation and validation of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. REVISTA MEXICANA DE PSICOLOGIA, 34(1), 65-76.

Anuar, N., Cumming, J., & Williams, S. (2017). Emotion regulation predicts imagery ability. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 36(3), 254-269. https://doi.org/0276236616662200

Anuar, N., Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2017). Do the physical and environment PETTLEP elements predict sport imagery ability?. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(10), 1319-1327. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1377290

Ashrafi, S. V. S., & Hemayat Talab, R. (2015). A comparison of elite and non-elite athletes’ sport imagery ability. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5, 488-491. Click here to download the paper.

Ashrafi, S. V. S., Hemayat Talab, R. H., & Shojaei, M. (2015). Validity and reliability of Persian Version of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5, 482-487. Click here to download the paper.

Arruza-Gabilondo, J. A., Gonzalez, R., Cecchini, E., & Fink-Smith, C. (2018). Factorial validity and reliability of the Spanish version of Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ). Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 18(1), 229-236. http://revistas.um.es/…/225221

Budnik-Przybylska, D., & Karasiewicz, K. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ). Psychometric characteristics of the SIAQ. DOI: 10.14656/PFP20200205

Chow, D. H., Li, S. S., & Chung, S. (2021). Effects of sport imagery training and imagery ability on badminton service return in a secondary-school physical education setting. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 52(3), 233-247.

Cumming, J., & Quinton, M. L. (2022). Improving the reporting of sport imagery interventions with TIDieR. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.07.003

Gabilondo, J. A. A., Rodríguez, O. G., Estrada, J. A. C., & Smith, C. F. (2018). Validez factorial y fiabilidad de la versión española del Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ). Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 18(1), 229-236.

Filgueiras, A., Pieri, R., Pesca, A., Camilo, J., Melo, G., de Oliveira Galvão, B., … & Landeira-Fernandez, J. PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DE LA VERSIÓN BRASILEÑA DEL SPORT IMAGERY ABILITY QUESTION-NAIRE. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA DEL EJERCICIO Y EL DEPORTE, 15(1), 74-80.

Haight, C., Moritz, S., & Walch, T. (2020). Time of imagery’s effect on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2020-0019

Hashmi, S., Akhtar, T., & Hashmi, M. (2020). Effects of PETTLEP imagery technique on precision skills: a study on drag flick in Pakistan hockey. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2020-0001

Herrera-Velásquez, D. A., & Gómez Maquet, Y. (2020). The Effect of an Imagery Training Intervention on Self-confidence in Football Players. Pensamiento Psicológico, 18(2), 30-42.

Koehn, S., Stavrou, N. A. M., Young, J. A., & Morris, T. (2015). The applied model of imagery use: Examination of moderation and mediation effects. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12525

Lee, S.-M., & Horino, H. (2022). Psychometric Support for a Japanese Version of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125221134314

Lindsay, R. S., Oldham, A. R., Drinkwater, E. J., Spittle, M., & Storey, A. G. (2020). Effects of personalised motor imagery on the development of a complex weightlifting movement. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1817124

Quinton, M. L., Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2018). Investigating the mediating role of positive and negative mastery imagery ability. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.10.011

Quinton, M. L., van Zanten, J. V., Trotman, G. P., Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2019).  Investigating the protective role of mastery imagery ability in buffering debilitative stress responses. Frontiers in Psychology – Movement Science and Sport Psychology (Special Topic “Adaptation to Psychological Stress in Sport”).  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01657   [OPEN ACCESS]

Rahman, A. R. A., Hashim, H. A., Kuan, G., & Abdul Malik, A. (2022). Factorial Validity and Internal Consistency of The Sports Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) Malaysian Version. Annals of Applied Sport Science, e1108. http://10.52547/aassjournal.1108

Ross-Stewart, L., Price, J., Jackson, D., & Hawkins, C. (2018). A Preliminary Investigation into the Use of an Imagery Assisted Virtual Reality Intervention in Sport. Journal of Sports Science, 6, 20-30. Click here to download the paper.

Shearer, D., Bruton, A., Short, S., & Roderique-Davies, G. (2017). Effects of Sleep Quality on Imagery Ability in Athletic Populations. Imagination, Cognition and Personality. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0276236617734537

Simonsmeier, B. A., & Buecker, S. (2017). Interrelations of imagery use, imagery ability, and performance in young athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187686

Simonsmeier, B. A., Frank, C., Gubelmann, H., & Schneider, M. (2018). The effects of motor imagery training on performance and mental representation of 7-to 15-year-old gymnasts of different levels of expertise. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 7(2), 155. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000117

Simonsmeier, B. A., & Hannemann, A. (2017). Die deutsche Übersetzung des SIQ und SIAQ zur Erfassung von Vorstellungsgebrauch und Vorstellungskompetenz im Sport. Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie [German Translation of the SIQ and SIAQ to Assess Imagery Use and Imagery Ability in Sports], 24(3):100-110 https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000204

Singnoy, C., Vongjaturapat, N., & Fonseca, A. M. (2015). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire Thai Version (SIAQt). International Journal of Sports Science, 5(1), 33-38. doi: doi:10.5923/j.sports.20150501.06

Spindler, D. J., Allen, M. S., Vella, S. A., & Swann, C. (2019). Motivational-general arousal imagery does not improve decision-making performance in elite endurance cyclists. Cognition and Emotion, 33(5), 1084-1093. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1529656

Tahmasbi, F., Hatami, F., & Hatami Shahmir, E. (2020). The study of psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Sport Psychology Studies. DOI: 10.22089/SPSYJ.2020.7417.1792

Williams, S. E. (2019). Comparing movement imagery and action observation as techniques to increase imagery ability. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 44, 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.005

Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2011). Development and validation of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 416-440. Click here for MiniManuscript of paper.

Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2012). Challenge vs. threat imagery: Investigating the effect of using imagery to manipulate cognitive appraisal of a dart throwing task. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review, 8, 4-21.

Williams. S. E., & Cumming, J. (2012a). Athletes’ ease of imaging predicts their imagery and observational learning use. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 362-370.

Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2012c). Sport imagery ability predicts trait confidence, and challenge and threat appraisal tendencies. European Journal of Sport Science, 12, 499-508.

Williams, S. E., Cooley, S. J., & Cumming, J. (2013). Layered stimulus response training improves motor imagery ability and movement execution. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 35, 60-71.

Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2015). Athlete imagery ability: A predictor of confidence and anxiety intensity and direction. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1025809

Williams, S. E., Quinton, M. L., Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. J., Davies, J., Möller, C., Trotman, G. P., & Ginty, A. T. (2021). Mastery Imagery Ability Is Associated With Positive Anxiety and Performance During Psychological Stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 864. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.568580

Published Abstracts:

Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2011). Athletes’ imagery ability predicts their use of observational learning. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, S12.

Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2012). Sport imagery ability predicts confidence and anxiety intensity and direction. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34, S220.

Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2010). Assessing athletes’ imagery ability: The development of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32, S230.

Presentations:

Gonzalez, S.P., & Gaddy, J.W. (February, 2016). Improving Mission Rehearsals with Mental Imagery in U.S. Army Trainings. Association for Applied Sport Psychology Southeast Regional Conference, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA.

*If you have used the SIAQ and would like to add your citation to this list, please J.Cumming@Bham.ac.uk.